The Rise of Intercollegiate Football and Its Portrayal in American Popu

The spread out of Intercollegiate Football and Its Portrayal in American favourite LiteratureWith the success of the Merriwell literature, juvenile sport fiction became abundant. In all subsequent stories, the model for traditional juvenile sport fiction, even continuing today, is the historied Frank Merriwell (Oriard, 1982). As the Merriwell series dwindled to a halt in the 1910s, books began to dominate the world of childrens sport fiction. Oriard (1982) suggested the popularity of these books rose because the juvenile sports novel combined the natural process of the dime novels with the middle-class morality of the Alger (rags-to-riches) novel (p. 47). In 1912, the year Gilbert Patten retired as the author of the Merriwell stories, Owen hindquartersson published his childrens novel, Stover at Yale. Dink Stover looms as the hero of Johnsons novel, which follows young Dink from his freshman year to the beginning of his senior year at the illustrious Yale University. Johnsons nov el while mistakable to the Merriwell series, establishes a new era in juvenile sport literature that starts the maturation process of the collegiate athlete-hero.Many of Frank Merriwells challenges did occur on the playing field at Yale in a multitude of sports that included football, baseball, crew, and track. During most of these events, however, the precocious hero and his comrades usually solved a mystery or righted some wrong. In addition, Merriwell left college for a few years, and this respite from college life enabled the multifaceted young man to write a play, purchase a scrapper thoroughbred horse, and travel the world in his pursuit to stamp out all wrongdoing, all activities contrary to the ideals of amateurism. Stover receives the hero worship typical o... ...mith, R.A. (1988). Sports and Freedom The Rise of Big-Time College Athletics. New York, NY Oxford University Press.Smith, R.A. (1993). History of Amateurism in Mens Intercollegiate Athletics The Continuance of a 19th-Century Anachronism in America. QUEST. Vol. 45, pp. 430-447.Standish, B.L. (1900). Frank Merriwells Policy or, performing Columbia for Practice. TipTop Weekly. No. 238.Standish, B.L. (1901). Dick Merriwell at Fardale or, The Wonder of School. Tip Top Weekly. No. 291.Thelin, J.R. (1994). Games Colleges Play Scandal and Reform in Intercollegiate Athletics. Baltimore John Hopkins University Press.Valenzi, K.D., Ed. (1990). Champion of Sport The Life and Times of Walter Camp, 1859-1925. Charlottesville, VA Howell Press, Inc.Watterson, J.S. (1988). Inventing Modern Football. American Heritage. Sept./Oct., pp. 102-113.

Organic Foods: America is Making Healthier Food Choices Essay -- Nutri

Many populate in America believe that we should eat healthier foods. However, a whacking portion of the advertising created for food in America is focused on unhealthy foods and products, many of which are nutritionally poor and easily accessible to oftentimes of the population. This results in a contradictory ideal towards improvement of health, where individuals will constantly eat unhealthy foods and struggle to lose the weight that they will knowingly gain. If people in the modern American society were to focus more on consuming original foods and products, people would be healthier, reducing high medical be and improving the overall well-being of Americans. The benefits of organic foods should also be introduced to children in schools so they will be given the choice to shape their own feeding habits for the future. The use of harsh chemicals in large-scale crop production is a common issue with non-organic crops. Intended to prevent pests and insects from destroying crop s, pesticides and insecticides are often absorbed by the crops and are ingested by humans. Paige Parvin, a writer for Emory Magazine, addresses this issue in her article Poison Apples. In a study done by Chensheng Lu, assistant prof of Environmental and Occupational Health at Emory Universitys Rollins School of Public Health, focused on suburban children being exposed to organophosphate pesticides in food, a chemical linked to nerve gas that is used in farming (Parvin). Lu states, What really surprised us is that the outcome reflects the hypothesis that by switching to organic produce, there would be no exposure to pesticides, he says. With a simple change from eating nonorganic products and gradually introducing organic foods into the diets, similar to th... ...issued by nations on GMOs and any possible need for their use in mainstream food markets, due to lack of testing and the assurance of any negative side effects associated with spending of these modified foods.Spears, J.F, Klaenhammer, T.R, and Petters, R.M. Genetic Engineering of Food, Feed, and Fiber Understanding Genetic Engineering. North Carolina Cooperative Connection Service. N.d. Web. 5 Mar 2011. This article was chosen for the positive brain towards genetic engineering of crops, which help create more crop yields, longer long-wearing crops and specific variants of a crop resistant to pests and diseases. Though beneficial to the Earth, the lasting complications of ingesting genetically modified foods are a highly contestable topic in America, leading to the holistic and organic food movements.

The two characters of Ruby and Ada are brought to the reader of Cold :: English Literature

The two characters of chromatic and adenosine deaminase are brought to the reader of Cold Mountain by Charles Frazier as an example of the strange and illogical way assay how Frazier portrays Ruby and Ada in the chapters you haveread so far.Focus on the way he presents the contrast between these two women.The two characters of Ruby and Ada are brought to the reader of ColdMountain by Charles Frazier as an example of the strange and illogicalway in which people were thrown in concert in times of desperation anduncertainty such as the American Civil War.The reader is enthralled as these two women find in apiece other thequalities to soothe their needs and for Ada, gain the appropriateeducation which is crucial in order for her even to survive. Frazieruses the relationship built between these two characters to wedge thereader into feeling and understanding the desperation and hardshipsfaced by the characters at the time of the novel and the utterimportance of knowing nature and the w orkings of the indwelling world.The contrast between the two women is evident from the beginning ofthe novel from their individual appearances through to theirmotivations, priorities, life experiences and status economically andsocially. It is however, the common drive, the need to survive, thatbrings Ruby and Ada together and Frazier uses this strange union toexplore many intriguing themes and ideas.We are first introduced to Ada in chapter two of the novel as she saton the porch of the house writing a letter to her beloved Inman. Animage of the woman is immediately conjured in the readers mind asbeing a lady of leisure and intelligence with time for worldlycontemplation and art on her hands. Frazier allows the reader to viewa passage from the letter she is writing to supply a personal feel to thenovel and to allow the reader to be not just a bystander, but includedin this journey. This also gives Frazier an opportunity to reinforcethe idea that Ada is a woman in control, using poetic language toexpress her innermost feelings. This sense of control and leisureinitially created by Frazier is snatched away only a few paragraphslater in a technique which is used throughout the novel to lull thereader into believe the characters or the situation is a certain waywhen the reality is very different.The reality of this particular situation is that Ada is not a woman incontrol. She is, in fact a woman of desperation and need as outlinedclearly by Frazier, cookery had become a pressing unveil for Ada she

Corruption of the American Dream in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas Essa

The idea of the American Dream is it began as an idea people could thrive from, alone became detrimental through corruption. Societys necessity for material goods and money for personal happiness distorts the American dream. Ones ethical motive will be compromised once one decides to live a life for the sole purpose of following a corrupted ideal. In Hunter S. Thompsons literary work, headache and Loathing in Las Vegas, his viewpoint of the American Dream is expressed. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, written by Hunter S. Thompson, expresses the decline of societys morals due to materialistic needs. Thompson proves through symbolism and characterization that societys corrupted perception of the American Dream provokes an individuals morals to decline.Las Vegas symbolizes the American Dream and shows the corruption of society. When Duke and his Attorney, Dr. Gonzo, are at the Merry-Go-Round Bar, Dr. Gonzo expresses that the counter-culture of Las Vegas is getting to him. Duke struggles to accept what his Attorney says because he desires the Las Vegas lifestyle. Duke explains to Dr. Gonzo that they cannot leave Las Vegas, were right in the vortex and you pauperism to quit.you must realize...that weve found the main nerve (Thompson 47-48), but Dr. Gonzo has already realized thats what gives him the Fear (Thompson 48). Duke and his Attorney thought that once they were in Las Vegas, the American Dream would be remarkable but they realize that the American Dream is not magnificent, there are downsides to it. Witnessing how society acts in the main nerve of the American Dream, Dr. Gonzo is stricken with fear because he knows the American Dream is not benefitting him. When Duke looks back at his memories of his journey in... ...ollow a path of destruction hindering ones life.Works CitedRiedel, Luther. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas A Savage journeying to the Heart of the American Dream. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 2 Mar. 2014 .Ross, Michael E. IN SHORT NONFICTION. vernal York Times, latish Edition (East Coast) ed.Aug 14 1988. ProQuest. Web. 2 Mar. 2014 .Self, Will. Hell, High Water and Heroin On the Trail of a British Gonzo Journalist to Compare with Hunter S Thompson. New Statesman 10.445 (21 Mar. 1997) 46-47. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism Select. Detroit Gale, 2008. Literature Resource Center. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.Thompson, Hunter S. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream. New York Vintage, 1998. Print.

Child Development Essay -- Psychology Locke Rousseau Essays Papers

Child Development John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau were the founding fathers of the psychology of children. Locke was an environmentalist, while Rousseau was a naturalist. They had opposing viewpoints. They both believed in different things when it came to underdeveloped minds of children. John Locke was an environmentalist. He believed a childs mind develops largely on the environment accordance with his/her experience of the world, and by means of learning. He brings forth the concept of tabula rasa, or unoccupied slate this blank slate is a childs mind that eventually fills up with learning and experience. According to Locke, there are four things of environment that mold a childs mind. The first is associations. This is where one thought is usually associated with another ? for example, when a child is placed in a crib he may start crying, because macrocosm in the crib would be mean that he couldnt be with his mother. The second one is repetition. These are habitual pract ices that we do over and over - to the point where, if we dont do it, things will seem out of place. The third is imitation. Children often like to imitate others, like repeating the same utterance their caregiver may have tardily said. Or, for example, if child A starts playing with an aggressive child B, child A might end up becoming more aggressive as well. This is through influence and modeling. The fourth is rewards and punishment. For example, a child may yearn to receive good grades becaus...

Child Development Essay -- Psychology Locke Rousseau Essays Papers

Child Development John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau were the founding fathers of the psychology of children. Locke was an environmentalist, piece Rousseau was a naturalist. They had opposing viewpoints. They both believed in different things when it came to developing minds of children. John Locke was an environmentalist. He believed a childs mind develops largely on the environment accordance with his/her be of the world, and through learning. He brings forth the concept of tabula rasa, or blank slate this blank slate is a childs mind that eventually fills up with learning and experience. jibe to Locke, there atomic number 18 four things of environment that mold a childs mind. The first is associations. This is where one thought is usually associated with another ? for example, when a child is placed in a crib he may start crying, because being in the crib would be mean that he couldnt be with his mother. The second one is repetition. These are habitual practices that we do o ver and over - to the point where, if we dont do it, things will seem out of place. The third is imitation. Children often like to imitate others, like repeating the same utterance their caregiver may have recently said. Or, for example, if child A starts playing with an aggressive child B, child A might give the sack up becoming more aggressive as well. This is through influence and modeling. The fourth is rewards and punishment. For example, a child may yearn to receive good grades becaus...

History of Child Labour Essay

Children are the gifts they are the precious gifts presented by Almighty God to humane life for filling the world with smile, happiness, and hope. Children are the future citizens it is barbarianhood which determines a sisters future, his/her life and their worthy contributions to the world. consequently it becomes an important aspect for us, for everyone in the society, and for the Government to protect, nourish and work for the overall welfare of children of a particular Nation and the children of the World as a whole. When we discuss about child wear, we get that it is a curse upon the God gifted little ones on Earth.Child Labour, in general, means the employment of children in any work with or without payment. either child out of school in the age group of 5 to 14 years, children who are paid in work, children who work outside the homes or children who in hazardous industries can be said to be child savvyers. According to Stein and Davies, child labour means any work by children that interferes with their full-of-the-moon physical development, the opportunities for a desirable minimum education and for their needed recreation. Origin History of child labour can be traced to some dark realms of industrialisation. further a more detailed study of this heinous, shameful practice can reveal that child labour was there much before industrialisation in various forms like in child slavery. If we turn the pages of History we see that there was a custom for youths from the Mediterranean basin to serve as aides, charioteers and arm bearers to their adult counterparts. A few of such examples can be found in Bibles when David serves his King Soul we find the examples of Hercules and Hylash in Greek Mythology as well. In Greece this practice was considered to be an educational tradition and boys were considered to be an efficient fighting oblige.Hitler Youth was an official organisation in the Nazi Army. During the battle of Berlin, this youth force was a majo r part of the German Defences. In India, children used to help and accompany their parents in agricultural and other household activities in ancient times. Thus we see that child labour is not quite a new thing to the world. But during 1780 and 1840s, there was a massive increase in child exploitation. During the industrial revolution, it was very ballpark to find children work in factories. In 1788, more than 60% of workers in textile mill of England and Scotland were children.Since industrialisation, children progress to been seen working in factories, mines, some having their own small business like selling food, flowers, polishing shoes, serving as waiters in restaurants and as domestic servants as well. The most polemic and worst forms of child labour and exploitation included military use of children, child trafficking, organised begging and child prostitution etc. So these are the various forms of child labour that are being present in todays societies over the world.Caus es of Child LabourIndia accounts for the second highest number where child labour of the world is concerned. Africa accounts for the highest number of children employed and exploited. Over population, mendicancy, parental illiteracy, lack of proper education, urbanisation, availability of cheap child labour are some roughhewn causes of wide-spread child labour. Parental ignorance friendshiping the bad effects of child labour, the ineffectiveness of child labour laws in terms of implementation, non-availability and non-accessibility to schools are some of the other factors which encourages the phenomenon of child labour.It is as well as very difficult to immature minds and undeveloped bodies to understand and organise themselves against exploitation in the absence of adult guidance. Statistics record that in India, mingled with 2007 and 2009, 5,392 instances of violations of the child labour prohibition laws were detected. Prosecution was launched only in six cases. The period saw only three convictions. In 2006-07, 2,363 child labour employment instances were found, but violators were schedule only in one case which resulted in conviction(published in The Times of India, Kolkata edition, Monday, January 25, 2010).Moreover, illiterate and ignorant parents do not understand the need for wholesome physical, cognitive and emotional development of their child. They are themselves uneducated and unexposed, so they do not understand the importance of education for their children. The industrial revolution has similarly had a damaging effect by giving rise to circumstances which encourages child labour. Sometimes multi-nationals prefer to employ child labourers in developing countries especially in trim industries only because they can be recruited for less pay and more work can be extracted from them and there is no problem of union with them.This attitude also makes it difficult for adults to find job in factories, forcing them to drive their little ones t o work in factories. Orphanage is an another reason of child labour. Children natural out of wed-lock, children with no parents and relatives, often do not find anyone to support which forces them to work for their own survival. Moreover, willingness to exploit children is the most responsible cause for child labour. This is the root of the problem. Even if a family is very slimy, the incidence of child labour will be very low unless there are people willing to exploit these children.Possible Solutions excretory product of poverty, free and compulsory education, proper and strict implementation of the labour laws, abolishment of child trafficking can go a long way in puzzle out the problem of child labour. The World Band, International Monetary Fund can help in eradicating poverty by providing loan to the developing countries. Various poverty elimination programmes have been introduced by our Government as well for the cause. After the 86th Amendment of the Constitution in the ye ar 2002, the provision for free and compulsory education between the age group of 6 to 14 years has been included as fundamental right under Article 21A.Children irrespective of their race, caste, sex, economic condition, religion, place of birth, and parents to whom they born of need to how to read and write. They need social and professional skills that only a school and nurturing environment can provide. The most essential part in this regard is the effective implementation of the policies and strict enforcement of the labour laws. The Government must take strict measures against those employing child labourers in hazardous works and other industries. The NGOs also have a big role to play in this regard. Various NGOs are working for the cause of child labour.MVF in Andhra Pradesh is a striking example. They have been working for the welfare of children in various respects. Compulsory education can help eradicating the problem of child labour up to a large extent. Statistics also show that education has helped in reducing child labour in Western Countries up to a large extent. Most importantly the incidence of child labour would diminish considerably even in the force of poverty, if there are no parties willing to exploit them. Strict implementation of child labour laws and unimaginative and healthy authorities to replace this evil can a go long way to solve this problem of child labour.Along with this, participation of the common educated citizens in the process of eliminating child labour can help out a lot. As common people also, we can help the poor uneducated children in getting at least some idea about the alphabets also In the words of Bill Gates, we can say that Until were educating every kid in a fantastic way, until every inner city is cleaned up, there is no shortage of things to do. Inclusion of Child Labour Laws in Legal Education and other branches of education can also be regarded as effective steps as it creates awareness among the student communities.As a student of law, we can at least make the downtrodden aware of the needs of formal education system and the cause of elimination of child labour so as to provide those helpless children a chance to enhance their capacities to the fullest extent possible and enable them to contribute their best for making this world a give out place to live in. What is child labour? Among adults the term child labour conjures up a particular image children chained to looms in dark mills and sweatshops, as if in a long nightmarish line running from Lancashire in the 1830s right through to the South Asia of today.In reality, children do a change of work in widely divergent conditions. This work takes place along a continuum, from work that is beneficial, promoting or enhancing a childs development without hinder with schooling, recreation and rest to work that is simply hurtful or exploitative. There are vast areas of activity between these two poles. It is at the most destructive e nd, where children are used as prostitutes or virtual slaves to repay debts incurred by their parents or grandparents or as workers in particularly hazardous conditions, that efforts are rivet to stop such abuse.

Competetive Nucleophiles Essay

IntroductionThe purpose of this experimentation was to compare the relative nucleophilicities of chloride ions and common air ions in two different reactions. One reaction involved n-butyl alcohol and the other involved t-pentyl alcohol. We performed the reactions and compared the percentages of alkyl chloride and alkyl bromide in the yield. To perform this experiment, we utilize methods including heating reaction miscellany under reflux, extraction using a separatory funnel, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and refractometry.Experiment SchemeFirst, we prepared the solvent-nucleophile medium. We combined 44mL 7.7M sulfuric paneling with 4.75g ammonium chloride and 8.75g ammonium bromide, and we heated the mixture with stirring to dissolve the salts. We put 17mL into a separatory funnel for use in the second reaction, and placed the rest into a reflux apparatus for our first reaction. We performed the first reaction of the competitive nucleophiles with 1-Butanol. We added 2 .5mL of 1-butanol to the solvent-nucleophile medium in the reflux apparatus with a boiling stone and heated the mixture under reflux for 75 minutes. later reflux was completed, we allowed it to cool in an ice bath, and transferred the solution to a clean separatory funnel. The different phases separated, and we drained the lower sedimentary layer. We added 5mL water to organic layer, mixed and collected the lower organic layer. We extracted the organic layer with 5mL sodium bicarbonate, drained organic layer and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. We decanted the alkyl halide solution and set it aside to be analyzed by refractometry.We performed the second reaction of competitive nucleophiles with 2-methyl-2-butanol. We measured 2.5mL of 2-methyl-2-butanol into the separatory funnel containing 17mL of the solvent-nucleophile medium. We swirled the mixture, venting occasionally until drive equalized, then shook it vigorously with occasional venting for 2 minutes. We then allowed ph ases to separate. We drained the lower aqueous layer and poured the top organic layer into a small beaker containing 0.5g sodium bicarbonate.When bubbling stopped and clear liquid was obtained, we decanted the alkyl halide and began analysis by refractometry of the products from both reactions. By refractometry, we measured the deflective index of the products and utilize Equation 1 and 2 to calculate the percentages of each product (Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, and Engel, fundamental chemistry research laboratory Manual p. 47-50). Reaction 1 (Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, and Engel, Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual p. 47-50)DiscussionIn this experiment we used 2 nucleophiles, the bromide ion and the chloride ion. We performed 2 reactions with these nucleophiles in equimolar concentrations, and they competed with each other for the substrate. Normally, alcohols do non react hale in nucleophilic substitution reactions because the hydroxide ion (a strong base) would need to be displaced, a nd it is not a good leaving group. For that reason, the substitution reaction must take place in acidic solution the alcohol must first be protonated because water is a stable molecule and a better leaving group. After protonation, the substrate reacts by either the SN1 or SN2 mechanism. 1-Butanol will react by the SN2 mechanism because it is a primary alcohol while 2-methyl-2-butanol will react by the SN1 mechanism because it is a tertiary alcohol.In Reaction 1, the major product was the alkyl bromide and the minor product was the alkyl chloride because bromine is more activated bromide is a stronger nucleophile. In Reaction 2, there essentially was no major product because the alkyl bromide and alkyl chloride formed in close equal amounts the product was racemic. This is because it followed the SN1 reaction mechanism. The rate determining step is the loss of the H2O molecule forming a carbocation, and this step does not require a nucleophile (Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, and Engel, Org anic Chemistry Laboratory Manual p. 47-50).Important methods used in this experiment included heating reaction mixture under reflux, extraction using a separatory funnel, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and refractometry. When heating under reflux, we used a condenser attached to the flask that we were heating. Under reflux, our system could heat the mixture to boiling and blues condensed and drop back into the flask. We can heat our mixture for a long time at boiling point without losing any product. In refractometry, we measured the refractive index of our product mixture, which is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the media of interest. We can use our measured set with the standard values to calculate the percentages of alkyl chloride and alkyl bromide.Sources of error could include the extraction process and the reading of the refractive index values. During extraction, it is possible that the phases may not have completely separated or the reactants did not fully react to form products, so some of the reactants could possibly enter into our final mixture. When finding refractive index values, it is possible to have some error when reading the value. Overall, error did not have a huge effect on our results. We could improve the subprogram by being very careful to remove the entire aqueous layer during extraction so none gets into our final product for refractometry testing.In conclusion, the experiment turned out well. Our results align with the expected results. We expected that the alkyl bromide will be the major product of Reaction 1 because it followed the SN2 mechanism, and we expected that the product from Reaction 2 would be a racemic mixture because it followed the SN1 mechanism.QuestionsBromide is a stronger nucleophile because the chlorine is more negative than bromine, so it holds electrons in closer. Bromine is less electronegative and has more electrons, and it is able to share unpaired electrons mu ch more easily than chlorine.ReferencesChemSpider Chemical Database. Royal Society of Chemistry, 4 July 2012. Web. Accessed 11 Sept. 2012. Sigma-Aldrich. Sigma-Aldrich. 2012. Web. Accessed 11 Sept. 2012. Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, and Engel. Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual. Cengage Learning Mason, OH, 2009. Print.

Financial Analysis on Retail Industry Essay

This analysis studied financial information of third multinational corporations in the sell manufacture, Ralph Lauren, American bird of Jove, and tornado. This examination is predominantly and analysis of Ralph Lauren and American eagle, and it compares its financials and performance to that of Gap. In order to reach a decision on which unanimous my lodge should invest in we recreated and cleaned twain companys financial statements followed by an analysis using key financial ratios and metrics. My company is searching for the firm that would be such(prenominal)(prenominal) economic in the following fiscal years.After completing an in-depth analysis of these companies, we concluded that Gap would be the best investment for future developing in the industry of retail. Gaps gross r sluiceue growth may not be relatively high compared to former(a) industry leaders but it is on the rise. Also the sales accrue can be related to the closing of stores and restructuring of intern ational operations. This overly relates to net in diminish growth showing signs of regression in the then(prenominal) fiscal years. Gaps EBIT Margin and EBITDA Margin suggest that the company is healthy and also properly managed. These ratios show us that the sales growth and net income growth decreases are collectible to former(a) factors in the business. Gap will show to be the right choice for our company to invest in as well as other industry research that we have done to help make this investment persuasive.Gap Inc.200920102011Sales Growth-7.8%-2.3%3.3%Net Income Growth 16.1%14.0%9.3%EBIT Margin10.7%12.8%13.4%EBITDA Margin15.1%17.5%17.9%Case Write Up and compendAll terzetto of these multinational corporations generate their revenues in the apparel retail brand industry. Gap is headquartered in San Francisco, California and the year-end date is January 30. American eagle is headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and their year-end date is January 30. Ralph Lauren is hea dquartered in New York, New York and there year-edndate is April 3. To perform this case analysis to determine which company which is much juicy using key financial ratios and metrics accompanied with industry research and trends of the apparel retail sector. We have recreated and cleaned financial statements for Ralph Lauren and American Eagle, comparing both to Gap. Using these recreated financial statements, we have performed a case analysis of these three companies in order to find out which company was most profitable.Gap is the largest of the three with a mart capitalization of nearly 16 billion while Ralph Lauren comes in second with roughly 15 billion market capitalization. Although Gap leads with market capitalization, American Eagle generates the most revenue that leads to highest net income as well, compared to both Gap and Ralph Lauren. Ralph Lauren does not lead these companies with its revenues and income but rather with its margins. They are consistently to a highe r place the industry average and are also much higher relative to the other companies we analyzed. Ralph Lauren also shows the best percentage of sales growth in the past fiscal years. Sales Growth3 Yr TrendPolo14.3%21.8%American Eagle0.9%6.5%Gap-2.3%3.3%For apparel retailers, advanced fashion trends and steady flow of promotions will help a low wiz digits increase in sales in 2012. This is what you see with Gap and American Eagle they do not show major increases in sales growth but on steadily rising at roughly 5% in the three year trend. Ralph Lauren shows a jump of 7% which could be overdue to the luxury brand section of retail section because of the opportunities in emerging markets such as Asia and Latin America fit in to industry reports. American Eagle plans on accelerating growth through internet sales. This generates higher margins for the company, last year it accounted for 12% of company revenues. This trend is also apparent in the other 2 companies because most reta ilers want to offer the convenience of on cable shopping to customers. The online channel provides a cost effective way for retailers to widen their reachacross existing and new markets. Gap intensified its international strategy as well, opening stores in Europe and China, and outlets accompanied by an e-commerce platform in Canada, Europe, and China.The company has 22% of sales from regions outside the US, up 7.6% from the year-ago period. This industry shows a thrust of penetration in the international markets looking to increase in the next few years. Teenagers also embolden an important role in the industry trends. With 7.1% of US population they have been a powerful force in retail with the leading beneficiaries being Gap, Abercrombie, American Eagle, and Urban Outfitters. This ties sales growth for both Gap and American Eagle due to a majority of the teen population shopping at these cardinal companies. Helping increase sales growth and produce for revenues for the firm. Th e biggest window for opportunity in the retail sector seems to be the overseas markets but especially China, according to the S&P industry reports. Gaps profitability has grown over the past three years showing larger EBIT and EBITDA margins which shows strong worry and healthy earnings. Ralph Lauren is also growing profitably as well as their margins have increased with time. American Eagle has been on teetering between being profitable and running efficiently to stay in the game.Net Income Growth3 Yr TrendPolo18.4%20.0%American Eagle-16.8%7.9%Gap14.0%9.3%On the margin side of things Polo seems to be the best company, this is because they are a luxury brand which tends to have higher margins. This makes up for their lack of revenues because batch buy less quantity of the luxury brands and tend to buy more of the timewornized products that are affordable and still have above average quality, such as Gap Inc. and American Eagle. The industry research showed that the recent drop i n cotton prices will help retail companies enormously in profit margins. This will help companies such as Gap and American Eagle more than luxury brands like Ralph Lauren. This is shown in Gaps trends in the past years for EBIT Margins in 2009 they had 10.7% which increased to 12.8% in 2010 this is a 2.1% increase.This increased another .6% to 13.4% in 2011, this can beprojected to grow even more in 2012 with more drops in the cotton prices. Gap reported that two-thirds of their increases were in the drop in cotton prices. Polo has also seen increases in EBIT margins but not in such a drastic change. From 2010 to 2011 they had a .7% increase on EBIT margin and then slowed mound to a .2% growth from 2011 to 2012. This is because they were less affected by the change in cotton prices. American Eagle showed a decrease in EBIT margins in 2012 with a change of -3.4%. This loss should not be as great as reported because in 2012 they had a loss on impairment of assets which is not a recur ring expense. EBIT Margin3 Yr TrendPolo14.7%15.4%15.6%American Eagle10.6%10.7%7.3%Gap10.7%12.8%13.4%EBITDA margin adds back the expenses taken out from depreciation and amortization, two non-cash expenses. Adding back those two expenses increases both companies EBIT margins by 4-5% for the three years analyzed. Ralph Laurens EBITDA margins seem to be declining in the three year trend which could raise questions about their assets and property plant and equipment expenses being raised. On the other hand you can see Gap showing strong 1-2% increases in both EBIT and EBITDA. Another key metric of financial profitability of a firm is earnings per share. Ralph Laurens earning per share is $7.09, as they are a more profitable firm within the industry and do not have a lot of debt on their balance sheet, with light leverage, is the reason there earnings per share are consistent and usually higher than the other two firms.Gaps earning per share comes in at $2.05, they do not carry a lot of debt on their statements which means they dont carry much leverage as well, giving them a decent earnings per share. They also repurchased tireds from the public which is another reason the earnings per share are moderately low. American Eagle had a earning per share of $0.96, this is due to the fact that they have more shares outstanding than their net income at the end of each year. They also carry no debt on their balance sheet so do not need to leverage themselves. EBITDA Margin3 Yr TrendPolo19.4%19.0%18.3%American Eagle15.2%15.4%11.8%Gap15.1%17.5%17.9%Return on Equity shows how the company is profitable compared to their righteousness. Ralph Lauren and Gap have shown substantial growth on this in the past three years. This is due to their growth in sales due to expanding sales into emerging markets such as Asia and Latin America, while maintaining level equity in their companies. Gap was also able to buy back some stock which made them able to increase their return on equity . American Eagle has stayed constant the past three years, this happened because they increased equity confusable to their increase in net sales. Return on assets shows how the company is profitable compared to their assets.Gap increased their return on assets because they closed numerous shops around the world that were not execute to their standards and also leasing all of their stores. This decreased their assets while maintaining high sales which gave them a better return on assets. Polo was able to increase return on assets by 1% each year, they were able to do this by having sufficient sales growth. The return on assets is also improved because many retail companies entered the fall mollify with inventory levels in line with sales trends. This means that companies are not over producing product so they are able to remove their product at a maximum price, this maximizes their sales in which maximizes their return on assets. This has the same effect on return on equity. ROE3 Yr TrendPolo15.4%17.2%18.6%American Eagle10.7%10.4%10.7%Gap22.0%22.5%29.5%ROA 3 Yr TrendPolo10.3%11.4%12.6%American Eagle7.9%7.5%7.8%Gap12.8%13.8%17.0%While analyzing financial leverage Polo has the most debt to equity on its balance sheets ranging in 8-9%. Compared to American Eagle and Gap which has little to no debt ranging from 0-1%. Gap has most likely paid of its debts from previous years and now rent their property and stores eliminating the cost of long term debt. American Eagle is very similar with actually 0% debt in the three year trend. Polo is a moderately leveraged company which brings on the additional risk of carrying debt, although can move on earnings per share for profitability.Maximizing sales by keeping inventory levels in line with sales trends helped maximize these companies leverage. Companies that over produce products have to sell at discounts to get rid of inventories this is not good because they lose out on profits and do not maximize their leverage. A lso companies that do not produce enough products lose out on sales this also does not maximize leverage. All three of these companies were able to keep their inventories in line with sales trends. Gap was able to decrease their debt to equity by buying back stock and maintaining a normal level of debt. Polo was able to decrease their debt to equity by buying back some stock and maintaining a level amount of debt.Debt to Equity 3 Yr TrendPolo9.0%9.0%8.0%American Eagle0.0%0.0%0.0%Gap1.0%0.0%0.0%All of these companies had similar ideas with their cash activities regarding buying back shares in 2011. American Eagle has the best position on cash, this is due to that they have no debt to pay back so all of their cash back into the company or into dividends. American Eagle bought back shares in 2011 to possibly help raise earnings per share. Gap also has a good cash flow they also did the same thing and bought back shares in 2011. Polo was the worst out of the three but is still in good s tanding they followed suit and also bought back shares in 2011. It is important for Polo to have a good cash flow because they still have long debts to pay back. Ending Cash Balance201020112012Polo $ 95.7 $ (123.3) $ 228.0 AmericanEagle $ 2,317.9 $ (63.2) $ 511.5 Gap $ 620.0 $ (812.0) $ 307.0We expect Gap to be the most profitable because they have high revenues, little to no debt, in good standing with creditors, and have good margins. This is better than Ralph Lauren because industry research shows that luxury brands will slow in growth while standard brands will continue to grow. Although Gap does not have the highest sales growth their market capitalization will help them succeed in emerging markets such as Asia and Latin America. Also with the decrease in cotton prices Gap is now able to have larger profit margins while keeping a lower priced product with the same quality. This increase in profit margins Gap will be able to generate the most amount of cash flow. With the trend s keep with their margins combined with the growth of new markets their cash flow will increase substantially.Ralph Lauren has been noted so have some corporate social responsibility problems in Indonesia where they have broken up unions that have tried to improve working conditions. This issue as well as others should be considered because more and more people now a day are taking into consideration the companies CSR before buying their product. Gap Inc. sets a high standard for their manufactures to up hold health and safety standards. They admit that some places still do not follow these regulations but Gap puts in a lot of resources into fixing them or even terminating the business with them. This is good because they are socially obligated and are willing to terminate business to stay responsible. Most companies try to stay socially responsible by implementing certain regulations for working conditions in third world countries so they do not bad mouth their own firm. The Inte rnational Labor governing and United Nations try to keep them in check in order to protect people and the environment.The information that we would like to request from senior management at each firm would be the growth forecasts and document containing information about international expansion. It seems apparent that international markets arenext big opportunity for the retail sector to increase revenues and income for most firms in this sector. This would help us invest in the company that will grow larger in the years to come as well as forecast numbers for potential growth which would help with our decision making process.

Attitude of Young People of India Towards Luxury Brands Essay

Introduction A couple of generations ago, a typical purchase decision for the average Indian would be choosing among, say, habit and electronic goods whenever they had a little cash to sp ar. Today, the customers dilemma involves making up their mind between Prada and Gucci, Merc and Lamborghini. Marie Antoinette would say, If they cant have bread, give them brands instead In a relatively short time span of 20 years, India has moved from pavement foodstuffs to swanky m wholes, from frugal minded consumer to who want it all and from a commonwealth largely obessed with celebrity gossip to one which yearns to gain knowledge.India is taking wing. It is not simple because India is set to become the fastest growing major economy in the world. The combination of a large young working population, rising income levels, overwhelming consumer optimism and increasingly urbanized lifestyle is driving consumption growth in India. The market potential of worlds second largest population has no t gone unnoticed. International prodigality brands have India on the radar. As developed market protract to battle economic turmoil. India offers luxury brand owners unrivalled growth opportunities.The Indian luxury market is projected to reach USD 14. 72 billion in 2015(CII and A. T. Kearny, 2011). It whitethorn represents only 1-2 percent of the global luxury market, but its market growth rate of more than 20 percent per annum, promise positive returns for luxury players. A flow of international brands from Giorgio Armani to Ferrari to Sofitel Hotel have entered the Indian market to claim a share of the luxury rupee. M whatsoever others are waiting, watching and preparing. This is not just roughly todays market but a key strategic market of the future.Problem Definition * Young consumer attitudes are essential for the marketers to plan their schema in reaching the target consumers. So in our study we have focused to separate young consumers according to attitude variables. O bjectives * The aim of the study is to segment young consumers establish on their three important beliefs parameters ( self-assertion, trust, optimism) as we know beliefs is an important attitudes of consumer Literature review 1. THE ROLE OF CONFIDENCE IN UNDERSTANDING AND PREDICTING BUYERS ATTITUDES AND acquire INTENTIONS * Peter D.Bennett and Gilbert D. Harrell * diary of Consumer Research * Vol. 2, No. 2 (Sep. , 1975), pp. 110-117 * Published by The University of Chicago Press * Article Stable URL http//www. jstor. org/stable/2488752 This seek catchs the role of buyers confidence in the formation of attitudes and purchase intention. It supports current buyer behavior theory which postulates a positive relationship between overall confidence in a brand and intention to purchase the brand. It as well as examine buyers confidence in their own ability to judge attributes of brands. 2.NEED FOR UNIQUENESS AND function BEHAVIOUR FOR LUXURY BRANDS AMONGST INDIAN YOUTH * Authors Mee nakshi Handa, Arpita Khare * JournalInternational Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management * Publisher Inderscience Publishers * ISSN1753-0806 (Print),1753-0814 (Online) * Issue intensiveness 3, Number 5/2010 * Pages489-502 The purpose of this investigate was to examine the Indian youths need for uniqueness (NFU) and their attitudes towards luxury brand as an expression of individuality. A primary research was conducted amongst Indian University students to ascertain their NFU and acquaintance of luxury brands.It was apparent that while the NFU is not very high amongst the Indian youth, luxury brands do symbolize status and individuality to them and serve a value-expressive function. As the Indian social system is witnessing a transition from traditional family driven values to more of western and individual-centric values, NFU and expression of self- individuation amongst Indian youth may also become more marked. While marketing global luxury brands in India, advertisin g may be focused towards conveying a new identity to the consumers yet maintaining a balance with traditional norms and value systems.3. LUXURYS NEW DESTINATION CHANGING PARADIGMS OF THE INDIAN CONSUMERS AN EMPIRICAL STUDY * DR. BUSHAN D. SUDHAKAR* ARUN KUMAR. PARISE * International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies * Vol. 2 Issue 1, January 2012, ISSN 2249 8834 * Online available at http//zenithresearch. org. in/ In this study the researcher investigate, Indian consumer migration towards Luxury brands form value middle grad brands. The findings suggest that there is significant difference with the gender difference, social status, price, quality to purchase a luxury good.There is a higher association between the annual household income and Purchase of luxury goods It clearly says that affordability, quality, availability, celebrity, self-satisfaction, image and social status are the key drivers to the migration of consumers to Luxury brands from value middle tier b rand goods. It confirms the view that brand perception and purchase value is, apart from socially oriented motives of buying to impress others also affected by financial, functional, and individual aspects. It would be that the dimensions presented in this paper are appropriate variables for segmenting the market for branded items.4. ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE CONCEPT OF LUXURY AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS * Bernard Dubois, Groupe H. E. C & Gilles Laurent, Groupe H. E. C. * Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research Volume 1, 1994 * Pages 273-278 In this paper is the author did an exploratory analysis of the perceptions and attitudes attached to the word (and underlying concept of) luxury. It is hoped that the results presented below will stimulate further research in the area and eventually contribute to the development of a theory of luxury acquisition and consumption behavior.Research Gap The literature available on topics such as Need for uniqueness and consumption behavior for luxury br ands amongst Indian youth, luxurys new destination changing paradigms of the Indian consumers an empiric study, There is no study on attitude (belief like confidence, trust and optimism) of Young people of India towards Luxury brands, which will help in marketers to plan their strategy in reaching these new and promising target consumers. It is essential for the marketer to understand how consumers think and value a product.There has been a vast gain in the luxury market and attempts are being made to attract the youth through contrary marketing strategies. This research will identify the different belief parameter which is an important attitude of young people of India which influence them towards luxury brands and provide information for better understanding of young customer. Research propose. Sample Design Sample size is hundred (100). Sample techniques it is judgmental sampling these samples/ respondents will be selected from both NIFT students and young working professio nals i.e. young peoples working in companies like TCS, Infosys and Wipro.Observational Design This research based on primary & secondary selective information. The primary data are collected through structured questionnaire. Primary data generally means those raw data which are handled first handedly and havent any previous meaningful interpretation. Secondary data collected from different journals, book and internet on topic of peoples attitudes and luxury brands.Statistical role we are going to segment young consumers based on their three important beliefs parameters (confidence, trust, optimism) as we know consumer belief is an important factor of consumer attitude. Our proposed segmentation putz is Cluster analysis. We will be using Hierarchical cluster with between groups linkage as the clustering method based on form euclidean distance. Wards Hierarchical Clustering Method Ward considered hierarchical clustering procedures basedon minimizing the loss of information from jo ining two groups.This method is usually implement with loss of information taken to be an increase in an error sum of squares mensuration. ESS. First, for a given cluster k, let ESSk be the sum of the squared deviations of very item in the cluster from the cluster mean (centroid). If there are currently K clusters, define ESS as the sum of the ESSk or ESS = ESS1 + ESS2 + + ESS K At each step in the analysis, the union of every possible pair of clusters is considered, and the two clusters whose combination results in the smallest increase in ESS (minimum loss of information) are joined.Initially, each cluster consists of a single item, and, if there are N items, ESSk = 0, k = 1,2, , N, so ESS = O. At the other extreme, when all the clusters are combined in a single group of N items, the value of ESS is given by N ESS =j=1nxj-x(xj-x) where Xj is the multivariate measurement associated with the jth item and i is the mean of all the items. The results of Wards method can be displaye d as a dendrogram. The vertical axis gives the values of ESS at which the mergers occur. Wards method is based on the notion that the clusters of multivariate observations are expected to be roughly elliptically shaped.It is a hierarchical precursor to nonhierarchical clustering methods that optimize some criterion for dividing data into a given number of elliptical groups. We discuss nonhierarchical clustering procedures in the next section Proposed Questionnaire 1=strongly agree 2=agree 3=neither agree or disagree 4=disagree 5=completely disagree Please do tick which resource you feel most Statement no 1 3. 3. 2. 2. 5. 5. 4. 4. 1. 1. I buy luxury products because good quality of product Statement no 2 3. 3. 2. 2. 5. 5. 4. 4. 1. 1.Luxury means some extra things which is adding more value than the regular brands have Statement no 3 3. 3. 2. 2. 5. 5. 4. 4. 1. 1. I buy luxury products whatever I can afford & whatever I want Statement no 4 3. 3. 2. 2. 5. 5. 4. 4. 1. 1. I preferred lux ury products what I like, if I like it a lot and feel like its worth my money Statement no 5 3. 3. 2. 2. 5. 5. 4. 4. 1. 1. I preferred luxury brands because it brings higher aspiration in my life Statement no 6 3. 3. 2. 2. 5. 5. 4. 4. 1. 1. I like to have BMW or Ferrari in future.

Disaster Management in Pakistan

On 26th October this year, thirty six confine Chilean exploit workers were rescued by drilling a deep hole into the mine. A month later, twenty nine mine workers in Newzeland died after remaining trapped for days in a mine. Poor disaster management cost precious lives. In Pakistan, too, Disaster management is not up to the mark. Be it the devastate earthquake, the catastrophic floods, the bug outbreak of completes or the aftermath of fail blasts, the management was very worthless.Certain measures like National Disaster charge Authority (NDMA), Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), and Rescue 1122 were taken but none has borne fruit yet. Lack of coin, scarcity of men and machinery, lack of awareness and preparedness of general public, hard demography, ban post of media, and delocalization of disaster management centers has added to the calamity of disasters. A realistic approach, proper training to workers and public, localization of disaster management centers, p ublic awareness programs and positive function of media must be ensured for the proper disaster management in Pakistan.Until now almost every disaster has hit Pakistan but the required response is granted to none. The October, 2008 earthquake in Northern areas of Pakistan is a grim reminder of the scale of disaster. Almost eighty thousand people died and m whatsoever towns devastated. Though, no single government activity with limited resources can cope with such(prenominal) a calamity, yet our governments response was much late in the hard hit areas. well-timed(a) and efficient response could have saved many lives.The recent floods of July-August have to a fault seen the demonstration of poor disaster management in our nation. Though, no country is prepared for such devastating floods, our governments response could be much better. Instead of helping the people in the affected areas, our government go by all their attention in appealing for aids to other countries and arrangi ng conferences for the donor countries. The fire management is also much poor. Few months ago when fire broke out in a female hostel in Rawalpindi, the management did not have the ecessary tools to bring the situation under control. Moreover, the aftermath of bomb blasts also shows that our country is not prepared to cope with the disaster-like situation. One of the main cause of this pathetic situation of our disaster management is that the workers are not justly trained to cope with any disasters. In other countries, proper training is provided to the workers in one field to cope with that particular disaster. Unfortunately in Pakistan, the same(p) workers are hired for every disaster to cope with.Most of our disaster management organizations are not provided with sufficient staff and machinery. The workers are much less as compared to the scale of the disaster. Also, the workers do not have all the necessary equipments to get away a disaster. Moreover, the facilities like fast transport to the disaster point are also lacking. Our uneven demography also plays a big hurdle in efficient disaster management. Sometimes, the areas hit by a disaster are out of reach, thus, badly affecting the rescue activities. Hard demography also adds to the scale of a disaster.Even a minor disaster results into a bigger loss of support and property because of the demography of our country. This was observed in the recent floods whose originating point was the northern areas and brought devastations in other parts of the country. Delocalization of disaster management units is another cause of poor disaster management in Pakistan. All the units are controlled from the federal or provincial capitals which may become a hurdle in dealing with a disaster in time. Unawareness and extemporaryness of the general public is also one of the reason for poor disaster management.Our people do not know how to deal with a disaster when they are caught with. People, sometimes, use methods wh ich may increase the scale of a disaster instead of controlling it. Also, most of the people are unprepared to deal with a sudden disaster which results into many losses. Lack of funds with the disaster management units is also a case of poor dealing with a disaster. The disaster management organizations do not have sufficient funds to buy the machinery necessary to deal with a disaster.In order to deal effectively with any disaster in Pakistan, the government must provide proper training to workers. This is how they can deal with a disaster professionally. Moreover, the government should confer proper funds to disaster management units. All the disaster management units must be delocalized. Disaster management unit in Chitral must not be monitored from capital of Pakistan or Peshawar. A local management body can effectively deal with a local disaster. Public training programs must be initiated so that the general public is aware how to deal with a disaster.The youths must be traine d in particular areas of disasters, like fire, flood, so that that can be called whenever such disaster emerges. Moreover, special television programs should be aired to aware the people how to deal with a disaster effectively. Disaster management plays a big role in a country like Pakistan where disasters are most frequent. Though, in the past much attention was not given to disaster management in the country, the government must implement the above mentioned suggestions in latter and spirit to cope well with any disaster in future.

Genetic Testing Controversies

Genetic Testing Controversies 1-12-11 Biology Genetic Testing, also known as DNA-based tests, is a new method of interrogation for catching diseases or disorders. In the test the DNA molecule is examined and other tests include microscopic examination of chromosomes, for stained or fluorescent chromosomes. Genetic tests are used for carrier screening, newborn screening, identity testing, prenatal diagnostic testing, and prediction of disorders later in life such as Huntingtons or Alzheimers disease etc. tender Genome Project) Controversies today that genetic testing today faces is with the privacy, consents, equity and discrimination. The privacy of the breeding that is found may not be confidential between the patient and the pervert it may also be revealed to other people that are not involved in the issue. The controversies with consent are that should the insurance companies be allowed to have the information of medical records and family histories before granting permission to anything. (Friesen, Tim.The Genetic Testing Controversy). The costs of some of these genetic tests are very expensive, some costing more than $1000. some other animosity is related with discrimination to the people shown by insurance companies, where they are discriminating on the people by the information which is received to them by genetic tests. Another framework is where a woman who had applied to become an adoptive parent was denied due to a family history of Huntingtons disease which also made her susceptible to the disease. Friesen, Tim. The Genetic Testing Controversy) An advantage of Genetic testing is that it gives information about any disease or disorders a person may have and plow that person immediately for a cure. Another advantage is that these tests help to live a risk free life from the beginning, for example- Genetic testing are through on new born babies, which helps to identify any disorders from the beginning so treatment can be given immediately. Bene fits of genetic testing) Another advantage of genetic testing is that there are fewer checkups and visits to the doctor if there is a history of a disease in a family. Another advantage is that if a person is genetically tested and the results are positive, they get to make informed decisions in their life. (Benefits of Gene Testing. National Cancer Institute) A detriment of genetic testing is that if a person is positive for a disease which cannot be cured completely, is still in a risk.Related essay Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic EngineeringFor example breast and ovarian cancers, you cannot get rid of each and every breast or ovary related cells. Even after the surgery, the risk is still there. Another separate is many people after receiving their test results and testing positive for a disease, leads to depression, anxiety or anger for most people, mostly women in these cases. Another disadvantage of genetic testing is many people face discrimination in getting insuran ce, or employment due to the results of that persons genetic test. quote Pictures http//www. beltina. org/pics/genetic_testing. jpg

Prefect or Young Student Leader Letter Essay

Dear sir / madam ,I am writing this letter as I am keen to travel a first ambassador and I wish to help the civilise as a community and support the school in becoming a better place for tout ensemble of us. I believe that becoming a boylike student leader will help me give back something to the school after what the school and its staff has done for me over the past 1 years. I believe that I have the qualities required to be a young student leader because I take things seriously and I am responsible and sensible when it comes to dealing with problems. I have had experience talking to masses as I have worked with children in the past in my Primary School and have had experience talking to adults in a mature charge . I am a reliable student and try to act as a good role model to the younger years by being well behaved and learning to the best of my ability. I interact with lots of people in different years each day, so I belief that if I became a first ambassador I would look ap proachable to pupils from younger years, and I always try to have a friendly grimace on my face. Alongside being a young student leader comes great responsibility which I am fully prepared to take on if you give me the chance. I care about this school and the people in it and I wish to support it by making it beneficial and influential for all of us. As a young student leader I would like to help pupils feel safe in school and to enjoy their time without every worries so that they can focus on the more important things such as learning to help secure their future. I would like them to feel as if Kingsford is a friendly place with lots of opportunities and this will help me be a part of the prefect team in year 11. I feel that I have experienced many things at Kingsford so I will be good at giving advice to younger students.Thank you

Who Am I

Australia, whose phone is Bianca. I am currently 1 6 years of age. I amaze very strong opinions on galore(postnominal) things and I like to debate people on what I believe is right. Sometimes that gets me into a pass out of trouble but I stick to what I believe in the end. What defines me is my sense of make doing do belong. I am who I am, I am funny and unlike and I now that, that is okay, because eitherone is unique and different too.I manipulate myself as a bubbly mortal, who tends to keep her deeper thought and get holdings to herself. Sometimes Im insecure, close totimes I let little things hurt me, sometimes worry about petty little issues that wont matter in the next 10 years but that is fair who I am now. Many disembodied spirit experiences deal defined the person who I am today, and for that I am grateful.Although not all of hose experiences ask been good, they have all been a learning experience for me and have helped shape the person I have develop today. I wouldnt change anything I have experienced because I would be a different person. I wouldnt be as strong, as open to new things, wouldnt be as spontaneous, and I just wouldnt be me. boththing little thing invariablyy little stepping stone, perpetuallyy little bump has made me the person I am today and I am so proud of that.Who Am I threnody/Repetition Who Am I Jennifer Leaf Who am I Dont know what to think Living all(prenominal) day Like Its the first 5 How could it get any worse About bearing They told me to simply Hold on tight 10 Lost and out of control Dont know who or where to manoeuvre Will they Just watch me burn 15 to agoraphobic to fall Or am I afraid to loose it all Deniable, completely insane Will I ever maintain my path Will ever be the same Falling D testify the drain Will I ever be someone 26 Or pass on I Just go out and tilt Day in And day out Dont know where to go 30 Every day Every night Trying to see the light All I know isWho I could be 35 Its all lik e a inspiration to 20 I want to scream and wawl Dont know why Im yelling out Who am 1 40 And I want to scream and shout There is no doubt about it Because I dont Know anymore 45 Too afraid to find action Through the darkness That I fight 50 Will I ever see the light Dont know where to turn to Dont know where to go I did, but now 55 I Just dont know to afraid to back down Vive been fighting all my life notwithstanding now its time to asseverate goodbye but I will try to find my own light I will try to shine 60 Who Am l is an intensified verse about the hesitation we all ask ourselves everyday our whole lives.Everyone does one of two things, accept the point that they simply do not know or, pretend that they do. Life is full of questions that we fagnot completely purpose, Just job our entire lives. Within this poem, the phrase, who am l, is constantly repeated. This poem is an elegy, mourning the lost life and the answer to the question asked throughout the poem. The phrase reoccurring in the poem emphasizes the question everyone asks themselves and the question most think they know the answer to. No one can entirely know who they be and what the future might bring.As a impart of really not knowing, they pretend they do. Dont know who I am/ I did, but now/ I Just dont know (49-51). Or, if they do not pretend they know who they atomic number 18, they try to be someone else because thither life is not written in stone. For some, they might go absolutely insane trying to find the truth behind the unanswerable question. Who am I There is no doubt about it (35-38). The repeating gives the poem an intense look on life and shows signs of confusion, frustration, and anger. The passion in increased in every stanza due to the fact that he speaker keeps on repeating those three words.This allows the reader to imagine that the person in trapped in her own mind, that is about to explode, with no way out. With this repetition, the reader can see the pain in th e speakers words and how made her give up on everything else and is late eating her inner and killing her. She has one get attempt at trying to save herself by saying she can shine no matter what, but those three words enforce a tragic destruction to her dark story. The elegy aspect of this poem is the loss of herself. The speaker Just gave up on life ND on herself and pities herself because she does not know who she is.The speaker does not realize that no one does and she will never know. Who am I Vive been fighting all my life But now its time to say goodbye (57-60). The speaker has given up on life because she cannot face the domain as an shipwreck survivor anymore. She need something to be proud of, something to believe in, something to fight for. She does not have the will to keep personnel casualty like a shadow lurking through the night. Due to the fact that the three words, who am I is slowly annihilating her, the elegy is mainly found in the repetition.She cannot esc ape from this tragic death and by the last two lines, you know she can no longer fight it and her death is mourned. Her pride and dignity be lost every time those three words are said and that is additionally mourned. Here lies the pride, dignity, and life of the speaker of the poem, she will be missed. I wrote this poem because self-influence and the influence of others is one of the most powerful things. The words in the poem show how by wasting your life trying to answer and unanswerable question, you are leading ourselves into a trap that you cannot escape.These words can consume anyone and you can lead yourself to your own sinister end. By win over yourself you have nothing to live for, you are blinding yourself from the truth behind the ever-so convincing lie. This poem is meant to have people believe in themselves and their capabilities and instead of trying to answer who you are as a person, embrace the mystery and be the best person you can be. Who Am l tells the world t o fight for what you believe in, because there is ever something to believe in.Who Am IWho Am I My name is and I will be telling you a little bit about my Background, engages, goals, and achievements. I am currently a junior at with my family of six which consists of my dad, mom, two younger brothers, and dog. I was natural in a little town called Brownwood, Texas and moved to Illinois when I was 6 years old. Some of my interest divert for example I am an avid watcher of old television shows such as the Waltons and threes company.Another one of my interests is listening to music my favorite type of genre of music is country and jolt some of my favorite artist include Jason Aldean, Blake Shelton, The Eagles, Led Zeppelin, and Lynyrd Skynyrd. Some of my goals that I hope to accomplish in the bordering future are attending the college of my choice, graceful a successful person in life and becoming a lawyer. Growing up as a child and until now, (My young adulthood) it has been mi ne and my parents dream for me to become a lawyer.I have decided to become a lawyer because I have always been spellbound with law, helping others with their problems, and the justice system. I have achieved many goals in my life my top achievements are graduating warmheartedness school, get my number one woods liberty, and doing better in school. But I feel that getting my drivers license is my greatest accomplishment of all because after getting my drivers license I felt that I was in the stage of growing up and entering adulthood. I feel that my Background, goals, achievements, and interests all represent who I am and what I stand for.Who Am IWho Am I My name is and I will be telling you a little bit about my Background, interests, goals, and achievements. I am currently a junior at with my family of six which consists of my dad, mom, two younger brothers, and dog. I was born in a little town called Brownwood, Texas and moved to Illinois when I was 6 years old. Some of my in terest vary for example I am an avid watcher of old television shows such as the Waltons and threes company.Another one of my interests is listening to music my favorite type of genre of music is country and rock some of my favorite artist include Jason Aldean, Blake Shelton, The Eagles, Led Zeppelin, and Lynyrd Skynyrd. Some of my goals that I hope to accomplish in the near future are attending the college of my choice, becoming a successful person in life and becoming a lawyer. Growing up as a child and until now, (My young adulthood) it has been mine and my parents dream for me to become a lawyer.I have decided to become a lawyer because I have always been fascinated with law, helping others with their problems, and the justice system. I have achieved many goals in my life my top achievements are graduating middle school, getting my drivers license, and doing better in school. But I feel that getting my drivers license is my greatest accomplishment of all because after getting my drivers license I felt that I was in the stage of growing up and entering adulthood. I feel that my Background, goals, achievements, and interests all represent who I am and what I stand for.

Eurofood Case Analysis

EuroFood Case compendium History EuroFood was created by French restaurateur, Mr Vigneau which specializes in the importing and distributing of food products from Europe to Hong Kong. EuroFood has faced a riddle with memorial cost. The Olivier Company decided to buy EuroFood on the condition that inventory aims has to be reduced from its afoot(predicate) level of 11 million Hong Kong Dollars to at least 4 million Hong Kong Dollars (assumption). In order to earn the inventory reduction a plan of action has to proposed which details the solution to the menses utmost levels of inventory. each(prenominal) the products brought to Hong Kong be shipped either by plane or through and through cargo boats (channels of distribution). The exclusively perishable products shipped through airplanes have no inventory records to be kept. The only inventory of Euro Foods is the products shipped via boats. The products shipped through boats are divided in general into two types 1. Complete Co ntainer Contains products shipped from the resembling supplier. Complete container takes almost 20 days to ship from Europe to Hong Kong and be 0. Hong Kong Dollars per kilogram 2. Consolidated container Contains products shipped from a group of suppliers use the same container as a rented facility. This ecstasy takes about 30 days to reach the customer and costs about 3 Hong Kong Dollars per kilogram. Main Problem * The accredited level of inventory of Euro Foods is worth $11 million. This is too much compared to the Olivier Company which has the same volume of trade as Euro Foods with a corresponding inventory level of only $4 million. The order quantity is high due to wrong forecasting which leads to high inventory costs * Some products have higher inventory costs than its annual gross revenue( Eg The product Carton Peach has an inventory cost of $437,113 and an annual sale of $ 253,248 which lead to profits of only $68,377) * Due to higher inventory levels of the product s the annual profit from the respective products are significantly lower compared to products which has lower inventory level. There are too many product categories (around 200 antithetic products) which has higher inventory levels and lower annual sales(Eg The product Crozes Hermitage 1984 has $158 annual sales but the inventory level is $2045 and total profit is only $47) Solutions * Cut down the products which has low profit and low annual sales but high inventory costs(EgCrozes Hermitage 1984 * Concentrate on top sale products like for example UHT merry cream 1 Liter, Portion Butter Unsalted etc. hose annual sales are high compared to inventory costs * Make the forecasting of all products more entire by using better forecasting techniques which can reduce the inventory level and ordering quantity more accurate * Top sale products like Whipping cream and Butter has to ordered more frequently base on the accurate forecast (using combined container) rather than storing it beca use these products can go bad easily. Combine the products from the same supplier to reduce the ordering quantity(Eg Products from Supplier Besnier can be combined into the same container) * Negotiate with current suppliers to reduce the ordering cost * Seek third party distributors to get a lower shipping cost if negotiation with current suppliers does not work out. Assumption * The holding costs and inventory costs affect the profit of the products * Time Frame in which the inventory reduction has to be achieved is irrelevant(Assumption)

How Are 21st Century Business Organizations Built?

The importance of management enhancement among barter facilities and organizations around the earthly concern is indeed a adept issue to consider when it comes to realizing the different impacts of IT discipline Technology procedures is being discussed ab come in. The growing maturements that engineering and communications have taken so far have been an essential part of the growing system of technological industriousnesss. Along with the technological advancements, the fond spirit of humans alike is further enhanced.Both economic and social lifestyles were advancing but there was no rest in incurring the best accomplishable progress that the developers of technological systems wanted. With the introduction of computers to the society, the easier way of living and completing everyday tasks has become a trend for many a nonher(prenominal) industrial workers. However, as menti unmatchabled earlier, the development in the eyes of the ones who ar in charge of the enhanceme nt of the operating systems is never ending.Hence, although there were already several(prenominal) great achievements in terms of the developed operating systems, things got better each time there be virgin innovations introduced. As for this paper, much of the advancement shall be focuse upon the implementation of the . NET technologies on the exist operating systems at be. culture Technology started to boom and take over the bloodline organisation industries during the early twentieth centuries. This development has highly alleviated the status of commerce in the society.This has also been the reason wherefore many companies universal choose to invest so much on IT processes for their phone linees. Mainly to en legitimate their confederations capability of re maining in humankind, they tend to put so much attention to how their firm keeps up with the fast-paced changing dry land of technology. However, is this all that there is? This paper shall be a discussion on how IT really affects the transmission line industry as to how useful it til right away is for the world of commerce. Facing the Issues of the Importance of Information TechnologyInvesting in a bon tons Information Technology arena has long been a point of reference of argument from the very beginning of time when IT was introduced to the business industry. Many owners of big companionships would of gradation like to have an edge against other business venture to be able to attain lead in their own ranges of commercial business. This is why these companies tent to invest so much along with the fast paced changing systems of technology. Indeed, they view information technology as one source of insurance for their companys lengthened existence. However, is this claim really true?E in particular when it comes to the efficiency and accuracy of information touch and data security that Information Technology promises to ensure each business company of? This is what Nicholas Carr argues with in his conditions, IT Doesnt Matter and The end of corporate computing. In these articles, Carr enlists the ways in which IT cannot sufficiently proffer the companies with the agonistical advantage it aims to have against other business firms by outlining several reasons on the give tongue to topic. In the paragraphs to follow, these reasons shall be discussed as well as to the Pros and Cons of Carrs arguments.The Pros of Carrs Arguments on Information Technology Nicholas Carrs articles, which were mentioned earlier, in general points out how the fast changing world of technology makes it hard for companies worldwide to consider IT as a measure of competitive advantage against others. This is be obtain Information Technology programs could be easily copied, changed and re-distributed due to the advanced technology itself. In this way, no company could be considered at an edge when it comes to IT. However, the question is, how does IT really affect the business activ ities of a legitimate company?The act of generating information usually belongs to the management. However, finished and through with(predicate) the integration of new technologies to this task, things could be done in a lot much easier way. The state information generated by the management through IT includes the flow of money in the company, the business operations and current market updates. These kinds of information are snappy for a companys maturement. This is also the reason why IT is considered to be among the closely chief(prenominal) sector of a certain company. On the other hand, the real task of generating or using these informations still belongs to the management.This is why Nicholas Carr argues that the IT sector is for no use at all. Indeed, the crunch force from the management is the key vital agentive role in making the informations obtained by a company useful for the business. In addition, with the fast changing Information systems recreated through th e new technologies, old IT systems may even be considered obsolete after a consider of time. In addition, since IT is already available for corruption or recopying through the net, Carr considers it useless to rattling invest on this sector of any company.Instead, he reiterates that the intellectual ability of the management is still the most important factor in making company informations work for the realise of the business itself. The Cons of the Arguments of Carr on Information Technology The article The End of Corporate Computing mainly depicts the situation of information technology in todays business industries. He then claims that because of the similarities and the common characteristics of each IT systems within every company, IT can never be considered as an edge to being highly competitive against others.Yes, this is true, but then saying that IT itself does not occasion at all could be considered as an exaggeration of the matter. As said earlier, IT has alleviated the business industries so much. Today, the data of companies as well as their market could be viewed through the cyberspace making it possible to attract more customers at that. In this way companies who are able to catch up with the in style(p) IT systems available for their company gains an edge against those who cannot have even an access to the said IT systems.True, with the fast-paced life of quite a little today, the idea of being left behind because of lack of necessary IT systems for the business may prove to be a fatal situation for a certain business venture. This then thus conclude that twain the IT systems of a company along with the intellectual abilities of its management sector should work together to attain the aimed development for any growing business firm. However, there are still few business individuals who are not able to recognize the fact that in like manner much of everything is also dangerous.As for example, McAfees Do you have too much IT pinpoint s that the existence of too much computer or electronic drive systems in the business industries have also ca utilise problems especially with regards to the security of different matters that are displayed by the company through the network. This is mainly because of the fact that there are a lot of hatful that are able to visit the net freely and are not bounded by any certain hindrances. Thus, making it possible for around computer experts to perform illegal theft activities, which could be incurred through the Internet applications provided too by the worldwide web.Certainly, there is a big reason why there are still many experts who are not amiable to making full use of IT as a generator for business proceeding especially with regards to money matters. However, it should always be considered by the said experts that with ample control, security measures and other points of stipulation that could be carried on through by the companies operating within the Internet systems, an expected good result could still be predicted in the future. Hence, this symbolizes that IT does matter, although there are some measures of concern that should be considered during its operation.Living in a high tech society requires of so much advancement especially in the field of commerce. Being able to market ones harvest-tides or services to a bigger number of customers might mean that a company must be able to obtain the most advanced technology there is. Indeed, taking advantage of what technology has to offer, much(prenominal) as Information Technology, is a vital part of a companys growth in todays inter matterized industries. Remember though that it must also be always taken into account that these IT systems would never work without the efficiency and effort of human labor such as the management.The integration of these two sectors in a business firm would surely put to work a company to its peak state. No, Information technology is not yet dead. In the business industry, it is still and will continuously be a part of any emerging companys growth in the internationalization of the business industries. The E-Business Strategies and their Growth in the Business Industries Globalization has long been opening a wide array of challenges to the business industries around the world. At all costs, many global corporations opted to continuously issue up with the challenges of the business systems offered through globalizing strategies.Then, just when the global companies have already adjusted to the needs of the global systems, another challenge opens up as the Internet systems enter the scenes of the business world. Today, one of the trends in the business market strategies is the invasion of the cyber industry. Hence, the systems of globalisation have offered more and more challenges for business organizations. The competition among industries with regards to how fast and how spacious their consumer relations are has grown ever tighter.In th is regard, the necessary strategies to make a successful cyber business shall be discussed in this paper, which would be mainly based upon a major company, which is involved in computer manufacturing activities. Hence, through this, the essential factors making up a successful online business would be introduced and closely examined. Benefits of E-Business As mentioned earlier, the Internet has mostly invaded the entire human activities, and in this manner, even business minutes became a new approach path of the Internet to invite surfers to appreciate the business services available through the cyber space.As an example, a common resourcefulness provided by the Internet is a worldwide system for sending and receiving electronic mail, receiptn as E-mail. In fact, E-mail represents a large portion of all Internet traffic and is for many the barely Internet resource they use. In this manner of transferring data, many business companies are able to achieve with their consumers fr om other separate of the world simply by posting the expand of their company through the net for international viewing.After which, the consumers who are interested in their products or services are able to have options of ordering for services and products offered by the said company and pay for the provisions through wire transfers and other bank to bank transactions. How does this well-being the company? In a vivid description, the company is able to advertise and reach a spacious number of consumers around the globe, making it possible for them to accumulate more and more sales revenues from their Internet marketing strategies.Through the animated presentations, the company is also able to make a clear presentation of its missions and visions which makes its reputation more acceptable for the consumers as well. Aside form this the company is able to ensure its consumers with fine service without actually having to personally deal with them. Thus, this paves way to a more use ful consumer communication since all the necessary details they need to know about the company or the product they ought to have is available within a click of the finger. Thus, the company is able to give its consumers a fine service at their own convenience.Knowing this, since the manufacturing company named B&H Incorporated is a computer manufacturing company, it is indeed necessary for them to upgrade to becoming a click and mortar type of business organization. Many consumers needing computer paraphernalia and other products in connector to computers usually check the Internet for necessary information. This is the reason why B&H Incorporated should be able to innovate their business systems through the use of e-business strategies. Changes in trade Since the business approach is sure to change, the marketing strategies are also sure to take large adjustments.Thus, this means that additional training should be catered well by the company as they take the necessary steps in en tering the e-business industries. As for example, the old advertising systems used by the company is based upon catalogue posts, newspaper announcements and television commercials. The new approach of marketing in the e-business approach would be mainly based upon flash animations, computer make and further more innovations applied through computer skills in making the company program, which would be used in the companys Internet website, which would be created for its e-business transactions.Take for example the company of COCA COLA organizations. merchandise as we all know is the branch of a certain company or business prudent for advertising and promoting the products of the said venture. This branch of the business industry deals with many different factors both in and out of the community it is existing with, just to be able to come up with a certain commandment or a decision on what type of marketing strategy is going to be used. Meaning, the main purpose of putting effort in making a good marketing strategy is to be able to convert possible scenery buyers to become frequent users of the companys products.True, if a certain company is a producer of one kind of product, the marketing branch is treated as the internality of this business as it is the branch that determines the sales, hit or loss of that certain company. Thus, it is just so important to be able to know about the surviving strategies of one company concerning that it operates both globally and domestically. How does one company manage to handle the different factors and difficulties of setting up a trend in a target community considering that that company doesnt have its main branch within the field of operations specified?How are they able to keep up with their selling activities amidst all the problems that arise and the changes that occur within a certain community every now and then? In this paper, the author has chosen the coca genus Cola Company to be a sample company to be ex amined with regards to its global and domestic operations. determination observations on its marketing activities shall be researched upon and be given evaluation. This paper shall be divided in ternion parts mainly the environmental, the technological and the social factors that affects marketing strategies of a certain business organization, namely, the Coca Cola Company.But first and foremost, it must be known how this company started. Coca Cola as the company claims, exists to benefit and refresh everyone it touches It has been founded in 1886 and is now known as one of the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer, and electrical distributor of non alcoholic beverages, concentrates and syrups. This company produces also around 400 different brands of such kinds of products. Their corporate head billet are located in Atlanta and has local operations in over 200 countries.As it could be seen, it all began in a small scale business and grew to a world renowned company mostly popul ar to all ranges of ages all over the globe. How did they do it? They gave importance to the three major factors that could cooperate boost the marketing strategies of a certain company. What is referred to as the environment by marketing? It could consist of the humour, the fixing and the people who are in one community, which a certain business industry targets to be its prospect market. How did the Coca Cola Company face this factor?First, as we all are aware of, the said company is known both over the places that are not so much developed, and especially the most developed lands. This means, each community has different demands when it comes to drinking different beverages. It also concerns how the prospect customers could buy the product in a frequent basis if the climate from every place vary every now and then. It only shows that it is very important for the Coca Cola Company to be able to convince the people to buy their products time and again. In this case, the cross se lling or up selling is considered by the company.In some ways, some people from different countries could have a variety of choices of beverages they would rather drink depending on the climate their community experiences from time to time. It is very important that a company such as Coca Cola, be able to get along with the advancement of technology. As for example, the usage of Internet access, the television, media advertising, radios commercials and even on national and local broad sheets in a certain country. All these, and more are often used by the company of Coca Cola to be able to invite more and more customers world wide.As for example, In the late 1950s, James Vicary claimed to have conducted a study in a New Jersey, U. S. A. , scene Theater in which the words Drink Coca-Cola and Eat Popcorn were flashed on the screen during the movie. The messages appeared for only a fraction of a second, too briefly to make an impression on the conscious mind. Yet, according to Vicary, they resulted in an increase in the sale of Coca-Cola and popcorn. Yes, recent studies show how efficacious TV and Internet sources are when it comes to influencing specially the kids in buying several products such as soft drinks.These strategies are considered to be much effective to be used by producers. Mainly, the ideal aim of marketing is to give the people what they need and to provide them the things that they want. Obviously, the Coca Cola Company has proved to be able to edge this factor in marketing. In Japan for example, it has been reported that the Coca Cola company gained 60 percent of the soft-drink market in the said country by making its drink sweeterjust what the Japanese wanted. Thus, it is true that foreign companies that employ such marketing strategies have been immensely successful.Aside from the taste Coca Cola also provides their customers the necessary informations they need to know about the products so as to gain their customers trust and be able to c onfine their loyalty to the said products. Yes, indeed Coca Cola proves to be among the pioneers in using several effective marketing strategies in both global and domestic operations and became immensely successful in implementing such strategies. What about the other companies in the industry? What could be learned from them with regards the insane asylum of the 21st century business organizations?The Success and Failures of dot. com Companies The dot. com dot. bomb issue has long been plaguing the Internet world as it has been open to investors and stockholders. What actually happened to this phenomenon? The companies, which were constituted as dot. com organizations failed to see the need of adjusting to the cyber systems as far as their employee skills are concerned. Certainly, even though there is an Internet assistance offered through the websites, there should still be some personnel assigned to meet the customers needs through live chats and other means of communication.T his would mean that their employees should undergo redundant training processes regarding this matter. The successful companies on the other hand such as Amazon. com provides fine service through support services from crews of the company available through the Internet at almost any time. Their transactions too were highly secured that made their consumers feel at ease as they take the option of dealing with the company through the net. The Differences between E-business and the Integrated OrganizationsCertainly, for e-business organizations, the costs may be much less since the only expense they have to pay would be the Internet services and the website fees. However, their inability to deal personally with their consumers stomach their organizations in a service based evaluation. On the other hand, the integrated organizations having a physical establishment along with a website established through the cyber space have bigger chances of catering to more consumers fleck caterin g to their needs at the best possible way there is. Expenses may be higher(prenominal) but the return for these companies sure are worth enough for risking.True, the globalization of business systems has been a cause for advancements in the business systems created for both the business organizations and the consumers as well. The latest fad of entering the e-business has also helped in making the necessary changes in the business industry a worthwhile form of adjustment for profit and service oriented business companies. Conclusion With the introduction of the computer technology to the human society during the nineteenth Century, the works or the tasks of people have been further created with ease.With the implementation of computer systems within the existing systems of completion for human tasks, the jobs of people, which can be merged with technological arrangements, were enhanced to becoming easily completed. Today, 95% of the all population of man all around the world utili zes the computer systems for their everyday application. Even ordinary appliances are now compiled with complex operating systems based upon computer arrangements to be able to meet the best possible performance that they could render the human society. (Tanenbaum, 2006, 15)Now, even more complex role is played by the application of operating systems in the daily dealings of people has been introduced. With the development of the communication systems such as the internet, tuition from home, using top of the art facilities and technologies became possible for many students who cannot attend universities because of some unavoidable circumstances. Through the existence of the emerging technological innovation on communication and information transfer, everything became possible and available through the Internet.As of the present situation, there are still other innovations that have been affected by the developing Operating Systems. The world trade systems has become more easy for t he traders since the Internet systems allow them to connect with others easily and effectively transact with their business partners abroad. (Tanenbaum, 2006, 19) This fact certainly brings about the fact that managers of different business organizations should recognize the possibilities that put their responsibilities to the business at a certain height that requires them to adjust with the changes.These changes are considerable in line with the globalization procedures that are bound to increase the capability of business organizations to expand world wide thus well-favoured the managers a larger scale of responsibilities that they need to face with in their profession. True, the challenge is serious, however, accomplishing victory on it would course bring forth progress in the worlds business industries and world economy. REFERENCES Tim Cohn. (1998). Advanced Marketing Consultants. http//www. marketingprinciples. com/marketstrategy/default. asp? cat=117. (September 13, 2007))Co ca Cola. (2003). Welcome to Coca Cola. http//www. cocacola. com/index1. html. (September 13, 2007). Nicholas G. Carr. (2004). IT Doesnt Matter. http//www. nicholasgcarr. com/articles/matter. html. (September 13, 2007). Visionary Marketing. com. (2005). A summary of Carrs IT Doesnt matter article By Yann Gourvennec. http//visionarymarketing. com/articles/it-doesnt-matter. html. (September 13, 2007). Nicholas G. Carr. (2004). An Amazon. com Business Bestseller. http//www. nicholasgcarr. com/doesitmatter. html. (September 13, 2007). Nicholas G. Carr. (2004).The End of Corporate Computing. http//www. nicholasgcarr. com/articlesmt/ rolls/endofcorporatecomputing. shtml. (September 13, 2007). Nicholas Carr and CIO Editor in Chief Abbie Lundberg go toe-to-toe on the strategic value of IT. (2004). The Argument Over IT. http//www. cio. com/archive/050104/carr. html. (September 13, 2007). Working Knowledge. (2004). Nicholas Carr Spend Less on IT. http//hbswk. hbs. edu/archive/4137. html. (Sept ember 13, 2007). Kathleen Melymuka. (2005). The End of Corporate IT. http//www. computerworld. com/managementtopics/management/story/0,10801,101573,00.html? source=NLT_PM&nid=101573. (September 13, 2007). Sun Microsystems. (2005). Press Center Executive Bios Nicholas Carr. http//www. sun. com/aboutsun/media/bios/bios-carr. html. (September 13, 2007). Books McAffe, A. (2004) Do You Have Too Much It? MIT Sloan Management Review. Vol. 45, 3, pp. 18-22. Erik Brynjolfsson. (2001). Strategies for E-Business Success. Jossey-Bass 1st edition. Michael P. Gendron. (2005). Creating The New E-Business Company Innovative Strategies For Real-World Applications. South-Western Educational pothouse 1 edition.Michel Robert. (2000). e-Strategy, Pure & Simple Connecting Your Internet Strategy to Your Business Strategy. McGraw-Hill Trade. Deitel, Harvey M. Deitel, Paul Choffnes, David (2004). Operating Systems. fastness burthen River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-182827-4. Silberschatz, Abrah am Galvin, Peter Baer Gagne, Greg (2004). Operating System Concepts. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-69466-5. Tanenbaum, Andrew S. Woodhull, Albert S. (2006). Operating Systems. Design and Implementation. Upper Saddle River, N. J. Pearson/Prentice Hall. IS